用PHP进行HTTP认证
Table of Contents
为了方便,我们有时候可能会放一些监控脚本在默认的域名下,比如放个phpinfo.php,用于查看php的信息等等,但这个又不想被别人直接访问,而且也不想写个什么登录界面,这时,也许你会想到可以使用nginx的认证功能(如果你用过的话),没错nginx确实可以做简单的认证,我之前还写过一篇文章:Nginx添加密码认证,从文章最后可以看到,nginx做密码认证其实是用的HTTP的认证功能,所以几乎随便一门语言都可以做这个认证,这里我使用php,官方文档:用PHP进行HTTP认证。
添加了认证是什么效果?
开启了身份认证,访问的时候就需要输入账号和密码。
如果不输入点取消,则会显示需要认证。
基本认证
$valid_passwords = array ("mario" => "carbonell");
$valid_users = array_keys($valid_passwords);
$user = $_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_USER'];
$pass = $_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_PW'];
$validated = (in_array($user, $valid_users)) && ($pass == $valid_passwords[$user]);
if (!$validated) {
header('WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="My Realm"');
header('HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized');
die ("Not authorized");
}
// If arrives here, is a valid user.
echo "<p>Welcome $user.</p>";
echo "<p>Congratulation, you are into the system.</p>";
摘要认证
$realm = 'Restricted area';
//user => password
$users = array('admin' => 'mypass', 'guest' => 'guest');
if (empty($_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_DIGEST'])) {
header('HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized');
header('WWW-Authenticate: Digest realm="'.$realm.
'" qop="auth" nonce="'.uniqid().'" opaque="'.md5($realm).'"');
die('Text to send if user hits Cancel button');
}
// analyze the PHP_AUTH_DIGEST variable
if (!($data = http_digest_parse($_SERVER['PHP_AUTH_DIGEST'])) ||
!isset($users[$data['username']]))
die('Wrong Credentials!');
// generate the valid response
$A1 = md5($data['username'] . ':' . $realm . ':' . $users[$data['username']]);
$A2 = md5($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'].':'.$data['uri']);
$valid_response = md5($A1.':'.$data['nonce'].':'.$data['nc'].':'.$data['cnonce'].':'.$data['qop'].':'.$A2);
if ($data['response'] != $valid_response)
die('Wrong Credentials!');
// ok, valid username & password
echo 'Your are logged in as: ' . $data['username'];
// function to parse the http auth header
function http_digest_parse($txt)
{
// protect against missing data
$needed_parts = array('nonce'=>1, 'nc'=>1, 'cnonce'=>1, 'qop'=>1, 'username'=>1, 'uri'=>1, 'response'=>1);
$data = array();
preg_match_all('@(\w+)=([\'"]?)([a-zA-Z0-9=./\_-]+)\2@', $txt, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER);
foreach ($matches as $m) {
$data[$m[1]] = $m[3];
unset($needed_parts[$m[1]]);
}
return $needed_parts ? false : $data;
}
怎样退出呢?
最好的方法是关闭浏览器再打开,注意是关闭整个浏览器而不是只关闭一个标签,其他退出方式具体请参考How to log out user from web site using BASIC authentication?

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